Effect of Processing on the Protective Role of <i>Bambusa nutans</i> Wall. ex Munro Extract Against Streptozotocin‐Induced Renal Biochemical and Histopathological Alterations in LACA Mice

Diabetic nephropathy remains a critical health challenge with limited effective treatment options. Conventional therapies often have side effects and residual risk factors, increasing the need for alternative preventive approaches. Plant-based diets have gained attention for their potential in managing chronic diseases, including diabetes. Among them, Bambusa nutans Wall. ex Munro, an edible bamboo, has emerged as a promising candidate due to its bioactive richness and multi-targeted therapeutic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative prophylactic potential of B. nutans processed shoots in preventing diabetic renal damage in STZ-induced hyperglycemic mice, through biochemical analysis and histopathological examination of the kidney. Key findings revealed that fermented B. nutans shoots exhibited the highest concentration of bioactive compounds, as confirmed by GC-MS and HPTLC analyses. Fermentation significantly enhanced bioactive components, including caffeic acid (up to 28.36%), quercetin (28.39%), chlorogenic acid (37.50%), salicylic acid (59.24%), coumaric acid (61.90%), gallic acid (66.67%). B. nutans treatment effectively reduced hyperglycemia, kidney enlargement, and urinary abnormalities in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Fermented shoots demonstrated the most significant improvements, including increased insulin levels, and reduced renal injury markers (LDH: 45.96%, LPO: 33.33%) while restoring antioxidant defense (GSH and GPx). Furthermore, histopathological analysis showed that B. nutans treatment effectively reversed STZ-induced renal damage, restoring glomerular structure, Bowman's capsules, and capsular space, bringing renal histoarchitecture closer to normal. These improvements were further supported by significant reductions in urea, creatinine, uric acid, and BUN levels. Overall, B. nutans extracts, particularly fermented shoots, offer a safe and effective dietary intervention for diabetic nephropathy. Its bioactive potential highlights promising applications in functional foods and pharmaceuticals, paving the way for its use in innovative therapeutic strategies.