NIR‐II‐Trackable LYTACs Phyto‐Nanotheranostics for Source‐Microenvironment Dual‐Track ROS Regulation in Acute Gouty Arthritis

The acute gouty arthritis (GA) is critically driven by the NOX2-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) explosion in macrophages, while current clinical drugs lack precise regulatory capability. Dealing with the challenge, a novel nanomaterial named TPR-LYTACs has been developed in this study. The TPR-LYTACs construction involves the assembly of a nano-core (TPR) from tea polyphenols and acidified rutin. The antioxidant TPR core is conjugated via modular assembly with a NOX2-targeting antibody and maleylated bovine serum albumin for source inhibition, enabling dual-pathway ROS regulation. In the acute GA model rats, excellent targeting and effective control of local inflammation are demonstrated by the TPR-LYTACs, with near-infrared-II fluorescence imaging confirming their specific enrichment at disease sites. Consequently, a new therapeutic strategy defined as "source inhibition and microenvironment scavenging of ROS" is established, offering a novel paradigm for the precise treatment of inflammatory diseases.