Bridge Facility Management during the Operations and Maintenance Phase: A Literature Review

As infrastructure management becomes more complex, facility management (FM) integrates people, processes, and places through Industry 4.0 technologies. Asset management (AM) optimizes asset value and risk, while maintenance management (MM) secures daily functionality. This review examines how FM can integrate AM and MM insights during the operation and maintenance (O&M) phase of bridge maintenance. These management systems are critical for effective infrastructure management. The efficient technical and economic operation of transportation infrastructures, such as bridges, roads, highways, and tunnels, is essential for sustainable development, and bridges are critical assets that reflect the complexity and diverse needs of infrastructure management. However, challenges such as accelerated deterioration emphasize the need for advanced strategies in O&M phase. Furthermore, this study identifies a gap in strategic proposals for applying FM during the O&M phase of infrastructure. Using a methodology that combines bibliometric analysis and a systematic literature review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the findings reveal that FM implementation in bridge O&M remains limited, with fragmented strategies and a lack of unified frameworks. Key technologies, such as sensors and unmanned aerial vehicles, are crucial for monitoring and inspections, while building information modeling and emerging technologies hold significant potential to enhance O&M practices. However, the integration of these technologies into existing systems and their widespread adoption remain significant challenges. Finally, this study underscores the importance of developing comprehensive FM strategies to optimize the performance and sustainability of bridges throughout their life cycle.