Emerging Human‐Based Research Technologies for Investigating the Pathomechanisms and Therapies for Vascular Diseases

ABSTRACT It is estimated that a large proportion of drug candidates fail in human clinical trials, mainly because animal models cannot fully replicate human disease and because of differential responses to various medications between humans and animals. To overcome these limitations, human‐based research technologies (HBRT) that specifically leverage human‐derived or human‐relevant systems, including organ‐on‐a‐chip, organoids, real‐world data, organ slices, computational models, and artificial intelligence (AI)‐based methods, are transforming vascular research by accurately replicating human pathophysiology. HBRT provide new insights into disease mechanisms and drug responses with high clinical relevance and thus will reshape the research paradigm in vascular biology, therapeutic discovery, and precision medicine. In this perspective article, we summarize the historical milestones of HBRT, provide examples of their use in vascular research, and discuss their advantages and challenges, aiming to promote HBRT development for combating panvascular diseases and enhancing clinical translation and drug discovery success rates.