Beyond Skin and Eyes: The Medical and Social Burden of Oculocutaneous Albinism in Africa: A Narrative Review

ABSTRACT Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a genetic disorder found worldwide, but its impact is particularly pronounced in the African continent. This results from both a higher prevalence and the persistent myths and superstitions surrounding the condition in many African communities. This review aims to synthesise current evidence on OCA in Africa, focusing on epidemiology, genetics, clinical manifestations, management and treatment strategies. Accurate epidemiological data remain scarce for many African countries, limiting our understanding of OCA's true distribution and impact. OCA2 and OCA3 are the most common subtypes reported in Africa. For these forms, genotype‐phenotype correlations represent a valuable tool worth further investigation, especially in settings where genetic testing is not readily accessible. Individuals with OCA require regular dermatological and ophthalmological follow‐up due to their increased risk of skin cancers and visual impairments. However, access to appropriate healthcare remains limited in many regions, exacerbating the social exclusion and discrimination experienced by people with albinism. Efforts to address stigma and prevent violence must move beyond awareness campaigns targeting affected individuals and their families. Broader community engagement—beginning with school‐based education—is essential. Current knowledge of OCA in Africa remains incomplete, and reliable data are still unavailable for several countries. We therefore call on the international community to invest in research, support public health strategies, and engage in sustained efforts to improve the lives of people with OCA—a domain where both scientific and societal progress are urgently needed.