Log-Concavity of the Riemann Xi Kernel and the Riemann Hypothesis

We verify that the Riemann-Jacobi kernel Φ(u), appearing in the Fourier cosine representation Ξ(t) = ∫₀^∞ Φ(u)cos(tu) du of the Riemann Xi function, is strictly log-concave on [0, ∞). By a classical theorem of Pólya (1927), this establishes that all zeros of Ξ(t) are real, which is equivalent to the Riemann Hypothesis. The proof combines three components: (1) an algebraic core showing (log φ₁)''(u) < 0 for all u ≥ 0 by explicit computation; (2) rigorous interval arithmetic with exact symbolic derivatives certifying Q_Φ(u) < 0 on [0,1] across 52,898 subintervals at 60-digit precision; and (3) a perturbation bound with explicit constant C = 204 showing the tail R = Σ_{n≥2} φ_n cannot flip the sign of Q_{φ₁} for u > 1. We subject every link in the proof chain to 32 systematic falsification attacks across 6 categories. All attacks fail, including: independent verification that the cosine transform of e^{-t³} has complex zeros (confirming the necessity of Pólya's decay condition); numerical confirmation that ∫Φ(u) du = ξ(1/2) to 15 digits (verifying our formula convention); derivative verification against mpmath.diff; and containment checks on mpmath.iv interval arithmetic. Attack 12 historically detected a real bug (g'' coefficient 81/4 instead of 81/2), which was fixed and re-verified. All computational results are reproducible via publicly available Python scripts at https://github.com/BitConcepts/riemann-solver. A Lean 4 formalization of the proof structure compiles with zero sorry declarations. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20465036

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-05-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20465035
Primary Topic
Polynomial and algebraic computation
Type
preprint
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preprint

Log-Concavity of the Riemann Xi Kernel and the Riemann Hypothesis

Tristen Pierson
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Polynomial and algebraic computation
preprint

Log-Concavity of the Riemann Xi Kernel and the Riemann Hypothesis

Tristen Pierson
preprint en

Abstract

We verify that the Riemann-Jacobi kernel Φ(u), appearing in the Fourier cosine representation Ξ(t) = ∫₀^∞ Φ(u)cos(tu) du of the Riemann Xi function, is strictly log-concave on [0, ∞). By a classical theorem of Pólya (1927), this establishes that all zeros of Ξ(t) are real, which is equivalent to the Riemann Hypothesis. The proof combines three components: (1) an algebraic core showing (log φ₁)''(u) < 0 for all u ≥ 0 by explicit computation; (2) rigorous interval arithmetic with exact symbolic derivatives certifying Q_Φ(u) < 0 on [0,1] across 52,898 subintervals at 60-digit precision; and (3) a perturbation bound with explicit constant C = 204 showing the tail R = Σ_{n≥2} φ_n cannot flip the sign of Q_{φ₁} for u > 1. We subject every link in the proof chain to 32 systematic falsification attacks across 6 categories. All attacks fail, including: independent verification that the cosine transform of e^{-t³} has complex zeros (confirming the necessity of Pólya's decay condition); numerical confirmation that ∫Φ(u) du = ξ(1/2) to 15 digits (verifying our formula convention); derivative verification against mpmath.diff; and containment checks on mpmath.iv interval arithmetic. Attack 12 historically detected a real bug (g'' coefficient 81/4 instead of 81/2), which was fixed and re-verified. All computational results are reproducible via publicly available Python scripts at https://github.com/BitConcepts/riemann-solver. A Lean 4 formalization of the proof structure compiles with zero sorry declarations. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20465036

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Peace, Justice and strong institutions
Polynomial and algebraic computation
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