Evolution of Artificial Intelligence — 1956 to 2050

This whitepaper articulates the complete historical timeline of artificial intelligence from its founding act (Dartmouth Conference, 1956) to reasonable projections towards 2050. Seven analytical eras are identified (symbolic origin, first winter, expert systems, second winter, statistical machine learning, deep learning, agentic era), the verifiable milestones are documented decade by decade, the predictable immediate jumps are analysed, and specific lessons are proposed for Latin America derived from the historical observation of how different countries and regions positioned themselves at each stage.