The Trans-Neptunian Architecture: Joint Numerical Evidence for Three Outer Solar System Perturbers from Symplectic N-Body Simulations

We present a unified three-perturber dynamical architecture for the outer Solar System that simultaneously addresses the Kuiper Cliff truncation at ~48 au, the clustering of argument-of-perihelion ω values among extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs) at a > 150 au, and the anomalously large perihelion distance of Sedna (q ≈ 76 au). Using symplectic N-body simulations with NASA DE440 ephemerides, we identify three hypothetical trans-Neptunian bodies: (i) a 6 M⊕ body at ~75 au (Ophiuchus), responsible for the Kuiper Cliff truncation; (ii) a 7 M⊕ body (Erebo) at ~600 au (Leo), driving ETNO ω-clustering at p = 0.004% (3.4σ); and (iii) a 12 M⊕ body (P3) at ~1000 au (Virgo), lifting Sedna's perihelion via Kozai–Lidov secular resonance. A 100 Myr stability integration confirms zero secular orbital drift for all three bodies. The three-body joint simulation reveals constructive dynamical interference: combined perihelion lifting represents a 154% amplification over P3 acting alone. Testable sky-position predictions are provided for Rubin/LSST surveys. NOTE ON THIS VERSION: This is the manuscript submitted to Icarus (May 2026). The integration framework is currently being upgraded from a 4th-order Yoshida symplectic integrator to the Mercurius integrator (REBOUND) with corrected timesteps. A revised version incorporating the new simulation results will be deposited as a subsequent version of this record. This preprint is deposited to establish priority of the three-perturber conceptual framework and the Trans-Neptunian Architecture (TNP) methodology.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-05-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20458581
Primary Topic
Astro and Planetary Science
Type
preprint
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preprint

The Trans-Neptunian Architecture: Joint Numerical Evidence for Three Outer Solar System Perturbers from Symplectic N-Body Simulations

Ariel Fernando Martini
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Astro and Planetary Science
preprint

The Trans-Neptunian Architecture: Joint Numerical Evidence for Three Outer Solar System Perturbers from Symplectic N-Body Simulations

Ariel Fernando Martini
preprint en

Abstract

We present a unified three-perturber dynamical architecture for the outer Solar System that simultaneously addresses the Kuiper Cliff truncation at ~48 au, the clustering of argument-of-perihelion ω values among extreme trans-Neptunian objects (ETNOs) at a > 150 au, and the anomalously large perihelion distance of Sedna (q ≈ 76 au). Using symplectic N-body simulations with NASA DE440 ephemerides, we identify three hypothetical trans-Neptunian bodies: (i) a 6 M⊕ body at ~75 au (Ophiuchus), responsible for the Kuiper Cliff truncation; (ii) a 7 M⊕ body (Erebo) at ~600 au (Leo), driving ETNO ω-clustering at p = 0.004% (3.4σ); and (iii) a 12 M⊕ body (P3) at ~1000 au (Virgo), lifting Sedna's perihelion via Kozai–Lidov secular resonance. A 100 Myr stability integration confirms zero secular orbital drift for all three bodies. The three-body joint simulation reveals constructive dynamical interference: combined perihelion lifting represents a 154% amplification over P3 acting alone. Testable sky-position predictions are provided for Rubin/LSST surveys. NOTE ON THIS VERSION: This is the manuscript submitted to Icarus (May 2026). The integration framework is currently being upgraded from a 4th-order Yoshida symplectic integrator to the Mercurius integrator (REBOUND) with corrected timesteps. A revised version incorporating the new simulation results will be deposited as a subsequent version of this record. This preprint is deposited to establish priority of the three-perturber conceptual framework and the Trans-Neptunian Architecture (TNP) methodology.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
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