OZONE AS AN EMERGING TECHNOLOGY IN THE CONTROL OF FUNGI AND INSECTS IN RICE STORAGE: A REVIEW

Rice storage losses due to fungal contamination and insect infestation constitute a major threat to food security worldwide. Conventional control methods such as chemical fumigants and pesticides, has raised concerns regarding residues, resistance development, and environmental impact. Ozone (O₃), a powerful oxidizing agent that decomposes rapidly into oxygen, has emerged as a promising alternative for postharvest pest and pathogen management. This review evaluates the potential of ozone technology in rice storage, focusing on its mechanisms of action against fungi and insects, application methods, effects on grain quality. Evidence from laboratory and pilot-scale studies indicates that ozone can effectively suppress storage fungi, reduce mycotoxin contamination, and control insect pests without leaving harmful residues. Despite these advantages, challenges related to dosage optimization, safety, and large-scale implementation remain. Overall, ozone represents a sustainable and innovative technology for improving rice storage safety and reducing postharvest losses.