Histone modification dynamics in brain aging: unlocking therapeutic potential

During aging, the progressive decline in neuronal function contributes to cognitive impairment and predisposes individuals to neurodegenerative disorders. This phenomenon has become increasingly prominent in modern society. Recent studies have found that post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins play a crucial role in the aging process, influencing the physiological functions and pathological changes in brain cells. This article reviews the variety and complexity of PTMs across brain cell types during aging, analyzes changes in specific modification types and sites, and reveals their impacts on neurophysiological and pathological states. This review also examines the current state of translational research, noting that most of the drugs under investigation lack specificity, and their potential toxic side effects remain undetermined. In light of these concerns, this review proposes therapeutic strategies to guide innovative interventions for aging-related diseases, aiming to facilitate further research and clinical applications in this field.