PROBLEMS IN NAVIGATION SYSTEMS OF AIRCRAFT AND THEIR SOLUTIONS

This article systematically analyses the principal problems encountered in navigation systems of modern aircraft and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and evaluates contemporary technological solutions. Five core problem categories are identified: GPS signal loss and spoofing attacks, inertial navigation system (INS) drift accumulation, sensor failures due to electromagnetic interference and environmental factors, navigation degradation under electronic warfare (EW) conditions, and meteorological influences on navigation accuracy. Solutions examined include Extended and Unscented Kalman Filter (EKF/UKF) algorithms, artificial intelligence-based navigation, visual odometry and SLAM, terrain-aided navigation (TAN), and redundant fault-tolerant sensor architectures. The study draws on ICAO, EUROCONTROL, and NASA technical documentation, as well as peer-reviewed publications from IEEE Aerospace & Electronic Systems.