Implementation of Lean Manufacturing Principle Towards Improving Firm Performance: Evidence from the Case of Account Book Fabrication Industry

Abstract The account book fabrication industry, a sub-sector of the printing and stationery sector, has experienced a steady decline due to the rapid rise of computerized accounting. Despite its economic significance and continued relevance in semi-urban and rural markets, this industry remains unexplored in academic literature. This study addresses this research gap by investigating how lean manufacturing principles can revitalize a declining traditional industry. A case-study approach was adopted at an account book fabrication workshop in Prayagraj, India. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with 18 participants, direct shop-floor observations, and time–motion studies. Lean tools, including 5S, Kaizen, Poka-Yoke, and Kanban, were systematically implemented over 6 months. The findings reveal a 20% reduction in fabrication time per unit, a 25% increase in monthly output, improved inventory turnover, higher worker wages, and enhanced owner profits. Beyond operational gains, the study links lean-driven improvements to export competitiveness, demonstrating how enhanced productivity, quality, and cost-efficiency enable traditional firms to meet international standards and participate in global supply chains. The study offers both theoretical and practical contributions for sustaining traditional industries in a globalized economy.