Simple Synthesis and Amplified Spontaneous Emission Characterization of CsPbX ₃ (X = Cl, Br, I) Perovskite Nanocrystals for Undergraduate Experiments

Metal halide perovskite nanomaterials, as a cutting-edge research direction in optoelectronics, have demonstrated immense potential in solar cells, light-emitting devices, and laser technologies in recent years. However, translating these advanced material research findings into comprehensive experimental courses suitable for undergraduates remains a challenge. This paper designs a complete experimental teaching scheme that employs a simplified ultrasonic synthesis method to prepare CsPbX3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) and combines spin-coating techniques to fabricate thin films, ultimately enabling the characterization of their amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) performance. This experiment can be conducted at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, significantly reducing experimental barriers and safety risks. Students systematically analyze the optical properties, morphological structure, and elemental composition of the NCs through characterization techniques such as UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Furthermore, by performing spin-coating film preparation and ASE testing, students gain an intuitive understanding of the physical mechanisms underlying optical gain and threshold behavior. This experiment organically integrates nanomaterial synthesis, thin film preparation, and optoelectronic applications, not only strengthening students’ comprehension of the “synthesis-structure-property” relationship in materials but also cultivating their interdisciplinary experimental design and data analysis skills, providing an essential practical platform for undergraduates to deeply explore frontier optoelectronic materials.