Hepatitis B: Appraisal of Awareness and Effectiveness of Health Communication Among Residents of Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health burden globally and in Nigeria, with prevalence rates of 8–12% and significant risks of cirrhosis and liver cancer. In Osogbo, the capital of Osun State, government and non-governmental organizations have implemented health communication campaigns to raise awareness and promote prevention. However, high infection rates and low vaccination coverage suggest a disconnect between campaign efforts and public response, necessitating an appraisal of awareness levels and the effectiveness of these communication strategies. This study evaluated the level of awareness of Hepatitis B and the effectiveness of health communication campaigns among residents of Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria. A mixed-methods approach was adopted. Quantitative data were collected from 100 adult residents of Osogbo, aged 18 years and above, using a multi-stage random sampling technique across five administrative zones. Qualitative insights were drawn from existing literature and contextual observations to support interpretation. The Health Belief Model and Diffusion of Innovations Theory provided the theoretical framework. Findings revealed high general awareness, with 85% of respondents having heard of Hepatitis B and 70% knowing it is a liver infection. However, detailed knowledge was limited, as only 45% were aware of its potential to cause chronic liver disease. Television and radio were the most effective channels, reaching 40% and 30% of respondents respectively, while social media reached only 15%. Vaccination coverage was moderate at 50%, with 30% intending to vaccinate soon. Traditional mass media remain the most influential channels, but the underutilization of social media limits reach among younger populations. To enhance effectiveness, campaigns should incorporate comprehensive educational content on long-term risks, leverage social media platforms, engage community leaders to address cultural misconceptions, provide financial support for vaccination, and strengthen healthcare infrastructure. Sustained, culturally tailored, and multi-channel communication strategies are essential for improving HBV prevention and control in Osogbo.