BIM-Based Safety Design Guide Systems Using Rule Checking and LLM Approaches for Preventing Construction Accidents

This study developed a building information modeling (BIM)-based rule checking and safety design guide system that can automatically provide construction and safety rules to designers so they can prevent construction accidents. The study begins with an in-depth analysis of national construction accident data in the Republic of Korea, including statistics on accident types, causes, and frequency obtained from official sources such as the Ministry of Employment and Labor and related governmental reports. Based on this analysis, priority accident types, particularly fall-related accidents, were identified and used to define the scope of safety rule development. The first function of the system is to generate safety rules and automatically display the safety design guide in the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) model. For this function, this study developed a sub-Coordination View of Model View Definition (MVD) based on the IFC instance, which extracts the objects’ shape- and attribute-related information from the target objects of the IFC model and displays the relationships between those objects in a diagram. The MVD viewer’s convenience and speed can reduce development costs. It can provide specific safety design guides, such as automatically modeling virtual fences in areas prone to fall accidents. The second function is to use large language models to display objects that must be considered in safety design without generating rules. The system function is an assistive language–data bridge. Since it does not create safety rules, it can further reduce time and effort for system development and prevent various construction accidents because there is no need to create rules.