Sanctions Mechanisms Adressing Cyberspace: An Analysis of the Approaches of the European Union and the United Nations

The presented article analyses the legal basis, structure, and application of sanctions mechanisms within the EU and UN in the context of cyber operations. The article focuses on sanctions mechanisms that are activated based on the process of attribution of state responsibility for cyber operations. It discusses the specifics and unique aspects of both organisations, while trying to point out their most fundamental differences. The aim of this article is to qualitatively compare the effectiveness of EU and UN sanctions mechanisms, thereby demonstrating differences in their output depending on their degree of legally binding nature.