ADVERSE EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTICS IN INTESTINAL DISEASES

This scientific paper analyzes the role of antibiotics in the treatment of intestinal diseases, as well as their adverse effects on the human body, particularly on the gut microbiota. In recent years, uncontrolled and prolonged use of antibiotics has led to disturbances in the intestinal microbiota, development of dysbiosis, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, allergic reactions, and an increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which represents a significant scientific concern. The study examines the mechanisms of action of commonly used antibacterial drugs in intestinal diseases and compares their therapeutic and adverse effects. In addition, the differential impact of antibiotics on children and adults, their harmful effects on intestinal epithelial cells, and alterations in immune system function were analyzed. It was found that disruption of the gut microbiota leads to metabolic disorders, decreased vitamin synthesis, and overgrowth of opportunistic microorganisms. The study emphasizes that rational use of antibiotics strictly according to clinical indications, together with probiotics, prebiotics, and an individualized approach, are key factors in reducing adverse effects during antibiotic therapy.