Functional and Grammatical Characteristics of Pronouns in English and Kyrgyz

<p class="ql-align-justify">This study explores the grammatical and functional features of pronouns in English and Kyrgyz, focusing on their similarities and differences. Using corpus analysis with AntConc software, the study examined pronoun frequency and function in contemporary texts. Pronouns were classified by gender, number, case, and person, with an emphasis on their pragmatic roles. The results reveal that while both languages share certain aspects, they also differ significantly. English pronouns are categorized by gender and number, with the gender-neutral pronoun “they” gaining prominence in recent years. In contrast, Kyrgyz lacks grammatical gender but has a more complex system of case forms, giving pronouns greater expressive power. The pragmatic analysis shows that in Kyrgyz, pronouns are crucial for signaling social hierarchy and politeness, while in English, social distance is conveyed through other means. Frequency analysis also highlighted differences in pronoun use across text styles, particularly in formal Kyrgyz.</p>