Synonym Knowledge Graph Enhanced Language Model for Inconsistent Hallucination Detection

Neural sequence models, despite their proficiency in generating highly fluent sentences, have also exhibited a tendency to hallucinate, introducing additional content that lacks grounding in the input data, as evidenced by recent investigations. This variety of fluent yet erroneous outputs poses a significant challenge, as it is difficult for users to discern the veracity of the presented content and identify inaccuracies. Several methods have been proposed to address this challenge. However, they sometimes detect the synonym of the true token in the generation as hallucination. To alleviate the above problem, we propose a novel architecture, i.e. Synonym Knowledge Graph Enhanced Language Model (SKGELM). We construct and prune a synonym knowledge graph according to the source sentence, which can help the subsequently graph attention network and classifier detect hallucination. Empirical results on SUMMAC benchmark and multi-domain Chinese-English translation benchmark show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance and improves the best baseline significantly.

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Publication Details

Journal
ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing
Published
2026-05-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1145/3819585
Primary Topic
Mental Health via Writing
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00
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article

Synonym Knowledge Graph Enhanced Language Model for Inconsistent Hallucination Detection

Hong‐Gee Kim, Jie Yang, Haitao Zheng, Hui Wang
ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing
Mental Health via Writing
article

Synonym Knowledge Graph Enhanced Language Model for Inconsistent Hallucination Detection

Hong‐Gee Kim, Jie Yang, Haitao Zheng, Hui Wang
article en

Abstract

Neural sequence models, despite their proficiency in generating highly fluent sentences, have also exhibited a tendency to hallucinate, introducing additional content that lacks grounding in the input data, as evidenced by recent investigations. This variety of fluent yet erroneous outputs poses a significant challenge, as it is difficult for users to discern the veracity of the presented content and identify inaccuracies. Several methods have been proposed to address this challenge. However, they sometimes detect the synonym of the true token in the generation as hallucination. To alleviate the above problem, we propose a novel architecture, i.e. Synonym Knowledge Graph Enhanced Language Model (SKGELM). We construct and prune a synonym knowledge graph according to the source sentence, which can help the subsequently graph attention network and classifier detect hallucination. Empirical results on SUMMAC benchmark and multi-domain Chinese-English translation benchmark show that our method achieves state-of-the-art performance and improves the best baseline significantly.

ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing
Seoul National University (KR), University Town of Shenzhen (CN), Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute (CN), Peng Cheng Laboratory (CN), Tsinghua University (CN)
Quality Education
Openalex Percentile: Top 4%
Mental Health via Writing
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