Low-Carbon Expansion Planning of Distribution Networks Considering the Integration of Multi-Type Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

To address the challenges posed by the diversification of electric vehicle charging demand and the low-carbon economic operation of distribution networks, this paper proposes a bi-level low-carbon distribution network expansion planning method considering the integration of multi-type EV charging facilities. The planning layer of the model aims to minimize the annual total system cost and performs coordinated decision-making for multi-type charging facilities, new line construction, and distributed generation. By introducing a coordinated configuration mechanism for multi-type charging facilities, the model effectively matches diverse user charging demands. In the operation layer, the Aumann–Shapley value method is employed to fairly and accurately quantify carbon emission responsibilities, based on which system carbon allowances are determined. An integrated green certificate-tiered carbon trading mechanism is then established. Meanwhile, a low-carbon demand response model considering dynamic carbon emission factors is introduced to enable low-carbon optimal operation of the distribution network. Finally, simulations are conducted on a modified IEEE 33-bus system. The results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively reduce total system cost and carbon emissions while satisfying diverse charging demands.