Association of fundus changes with myopia severity: A prospective study

Objectives: The aim of the study is to evaluate and compare the spectrum of fundus changes across varying degrees of myopia. Maerial and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted between December 2024 and June 2025. This study included 122 eyes of 71 patients with distinct degrees of myopia. The American Optometric Association classification of myopia (low: Up to −3.00D, moderate −3.00–−6.00D, high: > −6.00D) was utilized for categorization. All the individuals underwent a comprehensive ophthalmological examination. Fundus features across different degrees of myopia were assessed and compared. Further fundus findings were grouped as posterior pole findings, peripheral findings, and vitreous findings. Data were collected using electronic medical record software. Following data collection, statistical analysis was performed employing the Chi-square test while considering P < 0.05 to be statistically significant. Results: Retinal and vitreous degenerative changes were noted in all groups of myopia. The prevalence and severity increased with rising levels of myopia. Statistically significant association was found between myopia severity and findings such as peripapillary atrophy, posterior staphyloma, lattice degeneration (LD), white without pressure (WWOP) areas, and chorioretinal atrophy ( P < 0.05). Vitreous changes, including posterior vitreous detachment, were predominantly seen in moderate to high myopes. Peripheral findings such as LD and WWOP were found in all the groups and with a comparable rate of incidence. Conclusion: Significant correlation was observed between the degree of myopia and the incidence of retinal and vitreous degeneration. Fundus changes are present in all grades of myopia. These findings emphasize the need for regular monitoring in myopic individuals; early identification of these alterations is vital to prevent associated sight-threatening complications in myopes.