Newborn Screening for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in the Republic of Moldova: A Feasibility Study and First Steps

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a severe neuromuscular disorder in which presymptomatic treatment substantially improves survival and motor outcomes, yet newborn screening for SMA remains unevenly implemented across Europe, and evidence from lower-resource health systems is needed to guide scale-up. In this study, we assessed the feasibility, diagnostic performance, and public health implications of implementing neonatal SMA screening in the Republic of Moldova within an established national newborn screening framework. A pilot genetic screening program was conducted using dried blood spot (DBS) samples collected through routine newborn screening workflows; SMN1 exon 7 deletion testing was performed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and positive findings were confirmed by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), alongside the evaluation of operational integration and system-level requirements. Screening was operationally feasible within existing DBS processes and demonstrated high analytical performance, consistent with published international experience, although performance results should be interpreted cautiously due to the limited sample size. Two SMA cases were confirmed in a small cohort, enabling early diagnosis and timely referral for disease-modifying therapy, and integration into the existing program was practical and resource-efficient. These findings support the incorporation of SMA into national newborn screening panels using DBS-based molecular methods, highlighting an implementable model for introducing advanced genetic testing within routine public health services.