EFFECT OF DOPING BSN CRYSTALS WITH MN, CE AND GD ON ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIV ITY

This study investigates the effect of doping BSN crystals with Mn, Sc, and Gd on electrical conductivity.BSN crystals are important materials due to their ferroelectric and photorefractive properties.These materials are widely used in optoelectronics and memory devices.Doping is a common method for modifying electrical properties.Dopant elements create defect levels in the crystal lattice.These defects directly influence charge carrier behavior.Mn, being a multivalent element, creates electron trapping centers.This leads to a decrease in electrical conductivity.It also reduces the mobility of charge carriers.Sc has a more stable electronic configuration.Therefore, its effect is relatively weaker.Sc improves the structural stability of the crystal.Gd, as a rare-earth element, introduces additional fields.These fields increase the scattering of charge carriers.As a result, conductivity changes in a nonlinear manner.Temperature increase leads to changes in activation energy.This indicates a modification in the conduction mechanism.In conclusion, different dopants have distinct effects on the electrical conductivity of BSN crystals.