Recent Advances in Piezoelectric Materials for Tissue Regeneration: From Mechanisms to Applications

ABSTRACT Piezoelectric materials have been widely applied in tissue regeneration. With the rapid development of tissue engineering, they have become important biomaterials for treating various tissue defects. Through material modification or co‐doping with other components, their piezoelectric performance and biocompatibility can be greatly enhanced, enabling more efficient conversion of mechanical stimuli into bioelectrical signals and providing an original tissue‐like microenvironment that promotes cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, ultimately supporting structural and functional tissue regeneration. This review summarizes recent advances in scaffolds incorporating piezoelectric materials for tissue reconstruction. We first highlighted the roles of intrinsic bioelectrochemical signals in regulating cellular activities and the molecular mechanisms by which piezoelectric materials convert mechanical stimuli into electrical signals to direct cell differentiation. We then classified major piezoelectric materials and described activation strategies for composite scaffolds, including direct mechanical loading, perfusion‐induced stress, and ultrasound stimulation. Finally, we discussed current applications, key challenges, and future prospects, such as improving biosafety and interfacial compatibility, coordinating degradation and functional stability, enhancing biomimetic design, and integrating piezoelectric materials with intelligent medical devices. By integrating the latest research and development trends, this review provides a concise framework and development roadmap for advancing piezoelectric composite scaffolds in tissue regeneration.