A Revised Multi-Modal Formal Account for Orthography-Induced Sound Patterns

Abstract Auditory-Orthographic cue integration challenges theories that explain orthographic influences on phonology simply by grapheme-to-phoneme conventions. By analyzing two such cases of cue integration, we propose a revised BiPhon model employing weighted positive constraints, with a reading grammar that gradually rewards featural correspondence. This approach offers greater cognitive plausibility and relies on fewer assumptions than existing alternatives. Furthermore, our computational simulations show that empirical findings cannot always be condensed to a single learner type with stochastic variation, highlighting the need to incorporate individual differences into formal phonological frameworks.