Cyclic order superpositions enable quantum information transmission through completely depolarizing channels

Noise fundamentally limits quantum communication capacity, completely preventing information transmission in fully depolarizing environments. While indefinite causal order theoretically circumvents this limitation, experimentally realizing multi-channel configurations for genuine quantum transmission remains challenging. Here we show the activation of quantum communication through completely depolarizing channels using a programmable silicon photonic chip. By implementing a superposition of cyclic orders across four completely depolarizing channels, we achieve an output state fidelity of 0.712 ± 0.013, which strictly exceeds the classical threshold of 2/3. This mechanism provides a powerful tool for overcoming extreme noise, offering broad potential for building robust quantum networks in highly decoherent environments. Noise severely limits quantum communication, particularly in completely depolarizing channels where information transmission is impossible. Here, the authors use a programmable silicon photonic chip to show quantum information transmission through multiple concatenated depolarizing channels by implementing a superposition of cyclic orders, achieving fidelities above the classical qubit threshold in a strongly noisy regime.

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Publication Details

Journal
Communications Physics
Published
2026-05-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s42005-026-02698-1
Primary Topic
Quantum Information and Cryptography
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Cyclic order superpositions enable quantum information transmission through completely depolarizing channels

Weihu Xu, Hanlin Nie, Linxiang Zhou, Tianqi Xiao et al.
Communications Physics
Quantum Information and Cryptography
article

Cyclic order superpositions enable quantum information transmission through completely depolarizing channels

Weihu Xu, Hanlin Nie, Linxiang Zhou, Tianqi Xiao, Yaxin Wang, Xiaoqi Zhou, Vlatko Vedral, Tianfeng Feng, Ying Xia, Juntao Li
article en

Abstract

Noise fundamentally limits quantum communication capacity, completely preventing information transmission in fully depolarizing environments. While indefinite causal order theoretically circumvents this limitation, experimentally realizing multi-channel configurations for genuine quantum transmission remains challenging. Here we show the activation of quantum communication through completely depolarizing channels using a programmable silicon photonic chip. By implementing a superposition of cyclic orders across four completely depolarizing channels, we achieve an output state fidelity of 0.712 ± 0.013, which strictly exceeds the classical threshold of 2/3. This mechanism provides a powerful tool for overcoming extreme noise, offering broad potential for building robust quantum networks in highly decoherent environments. Noise severely limits quantum communication, particularly in completely depolarizing channels where information transmission is impossible. Here, the authors use a programmable silicon photonic chip to show quantum information transmission through multiple concatenated depolarizing channels by implementing a superposition of cyclic orders, achieving fidelities above the classical qubit threshold in a strongly noisy regime.

Communications Physics
Centre for Quantum Technologies (SG), Sun Yat-sen University (CN), National University of Singapore (SG), University of Oxford (GB), University of Hong Kong (HK)
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Affordable and clean energy
Openalex Percentile: Top 4%
Quantum Information and Cryptography
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