The Role of Mangrove Density in Marine Debris Trapping: A Case Study of Baros Coast, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Abstract The increase in plastic production has led to a significant accumulation of plastic debris in the environment, particularly in coastal and marine ecosystems. This study aims to characterize the composition and quantify the abundance of marine debris, identify specific plastic polymers, and assess the statistical relationship between mangrove density and marine debris accumulation. Marine debris samples were collected at six sites, divided between the west and east sides of the mangrove ecosystem. The results showed that on the west side, Site 1 had the highest abundance of marine debris (1.2 items/m 2 ), whereas on the east side, Site 3 recorded the highest abundance (0.88 items/m 2 ). The most dominant types of marine debris were thin plastic, packaging, and glass, with a total weight of approximately 434 g at Site 3 on the west side. Analysis of plastic debris showed that polypropylene (PP) dominated on the west side at about 44.44%, while polyethylene (PE) dominated on the east side at about 55.56%. The density of mangroves, especially Avicennia sp., plays a vital role in trapping marine debris through their respiratory roots. A higher amount of marine debris was identified on the west side, which corresponds with higher mangrove density. PCA analysis showed a strong positive correlation between mangrove density, specifically the respiratory roots of Avicennia sp., and marine debris accumulation, identifying these roots as the primary factor influencing debris trapping.