Evaluation of liver function test, kidney function test and hematological profile of gallbladder carcinoma in patients of Eastern Uttar Pradesh region

AIM OF STUDY: The aim of present study is to assess the change in marker biomolecules of liver, kidney and blood in gall bladder cancer (GBC) patients as compared to age and sex matched healthy individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 286 subjects, including 143 histopathologically confirmed GBC patients and 143 age- and sex-unmatched healthy controls, were enrolled in the present study. 3-5 mL of venous blood was withdrawn from histopathologically confirmed GBC patients (before treatment) and control in plain and EDTA vial. Marker enzymes of Liver function test (LFT), Kidney Function Test (KFT), fasting glucose, and hematological indices were assayed using standard clinical chemistry methods. Data analysis was done with Graph Pad Prism 5.02 software, and p < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Significant biochemical changes were observed in the GBC patients as compared to controls. Liver function enzymes such as SGOT (96.77 U/L), SGPT (70.92 U/L), ALP (1041 U/L), and total bilirubin (4.05 mg/dL) were significantly higher in GBC patients, indicating hepatic abnormality (p < 0.0001). The level of urea (36.57 mg/dL) and creatinine (0.98 mg/dL) were also increased significantly as compared to control (p < 0.0004) indicating problem in kidney function. In the patients of GBC, the hemoglobin was low, white blood cell, platelet counts, lymphocytes, monocytes, and eosinophils were significantly high (p < 0.0001) as compared to the healthy control indicating immune system deregulation. Positive correlation between liver enzymes and glucose levels was observed, even more in the older age group of patients (61-80 years), reflecting metabolic stress due to tumor burden.