Recent advances in genome editing technologies for improvement of ornamental crops and their regulatory perspectives

Abstract Innovative developments in biotechnology, such as gene editing, have become widely useful tools for precisely and successfully manipulating different traits in various ornamental crops. Recent progress in cutting-edge gene modification systems provides molecular biologists with a powerful platform to modify genes of interest within the plant genome precisely. This advancement is both modern and promising. With its precise editing and focused modification of plant genomes, genome editing has completely changed the world of plants, including model plants and horticultural and agricultural crops. Studies on gene editing in ornamental plants have focused on traits such as flower type, flower color, vase life, and marker genes, and genome editing tools enable precise modifications to the genetic makeup of these plants. Recently, scientists have explored a variety of genome editing tools for editing both simple and complex genomes. This review delves into the diverse applications of CRISPR/Cas9 in various ornamental plants, compares it with alternative genomic editing tools, and provides an overview of its mechanism, limitations, and potential future developments.