Research on the synergy mechanism and synergy degree of Chinese prefabricated buildings based on IAD and SEM-SNA analysis

Purpose In the context of carbon neutrality, prefabricated buildings are increasingly valued for their low-carbon and high-efficiency advantages. However, insufficient synergy among governments, market actors, and social stakeholders has hindered their promotion. Design/methodology/approach Based on the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, this study constructs a multi-actor synergy mechanism, quantifies the synergy level, and proposes an optimization strategy. The approach includes: (1) evaluating the applicability of the IAD framework and establishing a governments–market–society synergy model; (2) using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to identify key actors and elements, analyze relationships, and optimize synergy paths; (3) applying Social Network Analysis (SNA) to assess the impacts and linkages of 39 core elements; (4) establishing an ANP–SDM synergy measurement model for the Southwest region to evaluate development sequence, synergy level, and system coordination. Findings Results indicate that overall synergy is moderate, with the highest synergy between governments and industry associations and the lowest between contractors and prefabricated component manufacturers. The synergy measurement model further reveals the development sequence, synergy level, and system coordination in the Southwest region. Originality/value This research reveals the multi-stakeholder synergy mechanism in prefabricated buildings and provides theoretical support and practical guidance for improving synergy performance, policy formulation, and coordinated development.