Generative artificial intelligence and its regulated integration across the Indian education system

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has an emerging technological influence in India’s education sector, reshaping pedagogical design, research methodologies, and institutional governance. This study examines the transformative role of GenAI in the Indian education system, spanning K-12 to doctoral research. Using a qualitative analytical framework grounded in literature synthesis, policy analysis, and illustrative case modeling, the paper evaluates how GenAI reshapes pedagogy, research workflows, and governance structures. The findings highlight three key contributions: (i) a structured mapping of GenAI applications across different educational levels, (ii) an analysis of policy and regulatory challenges specific to India, and (iii) a conceptual framework for integrating GenAI while maintaining academic integrity. While GenAI enhances personalization, multilingual accessibility, and research efficiency, its adoption also introduces risks related to over-reliance, algorithmic bias, and cognitive disengagement. The study emphasizes the need for balanced integration through pedagogical redesign, institutional guidelines, and ethical governance. It further argues that the effectiveness of GenAI is contingent on contextual factors such as infrastructure, digital literacy, and regulatory clarity. The paper contributes to ongoing discussions on AI-enabled education by offering a critical, policy-aware perspective tailored to emerging economies.