Multi-hazard assessment of the eastern slope of the Sistema de Famatina, La Rioja province (Argentina)

Abstract In the eastern sector of the Sistema de Famatina, both natural processes and anthropogenic activities pose considerable risks to the landscape and its inhabitants. This study investigates the geohazards and environmental agents that have historically affected the region, with a focus on their implications for local communities and territories. The analysis integrates case studies of documented natural events, identification of mitigation strategies, satellite imagery interpretation, landform recognition, and direct field observations. In addition, meteorological, hydrological, seismic, and demographic data were compiled to identify previously undocumented events with the potential to generate significant socio-environmental impacts. The study area is subject to a range of natural hazards, including those originated by meteorological events (e.g., intense precipitation and strong winds), fluvial processes (e.g., avulsion, gully erosion, and flooding), mass movement processes (e.g., landslides and rockfalls), and seismic activity. Our results reveal the recurrent nature of these hazards; in general, their consequences are compounded by anthropogenic pressures, including land-use changes, variations in land cover, and environmental pollution. Collectively, these factors intensify existing socio-environmental issues. This research contributes to sustainable environmental management by considering plausible future scenarios and hazard interactions. Our findings are intended to inform local and regional socio-economic development strategies and to serve as a scientific resource for policymakers and planners. Furthermore, by enhancing awareness of ongoing and recurring hazards, the study supports community resilience building and the reduction of adverse impacts at the local level.