A Context‐Aware Decision Support Framework for Scientific Experiment Configuration

ABSTRACT Introduction Defining an experimental configuration is a complex decision problem for early‐stage researchers, who must map goals, constraints, and requirements onto datasets, algorithms, and parameter settings that directly affect experimental outcomes. Existing scientific workflow engines improve execution and reproducibility; however, they rarely capture the decision rationale behind configuration choices, which is needed to inform future selections. Method We propose a context‐aware decision‐support framework that formalises experiment configuration as a structured and sequential decision problem. The framework combines three components: a semantic Knowledge Graph (KG) storing historical configurations, contextual attributes, and decision rationale; an MDP‐based Option Explorer that filters the KG under user‐defined constraints and ranks feasible configurations by expected cumulative reward; and a Graphical User Interface for specifying constraints, inspecting ranked alternatives, and providing structured feedback. Unlike existing workflow systems, the framework explicitly separates user‐defined context from automated reasoning, producing an interpretable ranked list rather than a single opaque recommendation. We evaluated the framework in a user study with 90 MSc‐ and PhD‐level researchers performing a model‐selection task, using a synthetic dataset of one million experimental configurations under three levels of contextual detail. Results Compared with manual search, the framework reduced decision time (up to 68%), reduced perceived difficulty (up to 36%), and increased user satisfaction (up to 43%) under the constrained condition. Conclusion By formalising the link between experimental context and probabilistic decision ranking, the framework improves reproducibility and scalability of decision support in scientific experimentation.