2D Materials Empowered Radar Absorbing Materials: A Review

ABSTRACT Radar stealth technology is pivotal for next‐generation air dominance, necessitating the integration of shaping and material stealth to minimize radar cross‐section. Radar absorbing materials (RAMs), which dissipate incident electromagnetic waves as heat, are crucial for overcoming the aerodynamic compromises of shaping stealth. The performance of conventional RAMs is largely constrained by their thickness and filler morphology. The emergence of 2D materials presents a revolutionary opportunity for material stealth due to their unique lamellar structures, tunable electronic properties, low density, and high specific surface area. These characteristics provide more controllable pathways for enhancing absorption performance. This review focuses on recent advances in 2D materials for RAMs, highlighting absorption enhancement and modulation methods. It begins with an overview of electromagnetic wave loss mechanisms and the role of 2D materials. Subsequently, various enhancement strategies are discussed, including the design and fabrication of porous structures, heterogeneous interfaces, printed metamaterials, and tunable metasurfaces. The review concludes by outlining existing challenges and offering perspectives on the future development of 2D materials empowered RAMs.