The Impact of Augmented Reality-Based Aromatherapy Education on Symptoms in Older Adults with Early-Stage Dementia

Background: Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) substantially impair quality of life in individuals with dementia and increase caregiver burden. Conventional non-pharmacological interventions may be limited in terms of engagement and individualized support. This study evaluated the effects of an augmented reality (AR)-integrated aromatherapy intervention on BPSD and psychosocial well-being among older adults with early-stage dementia. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 160 participants in Taiwan, including an experimental group (n = 80) and a comparison group (n = 80). The experimental group received a 6-week intervention comprising 12 AR-based aromatherapy sessions delivered twice weekly, whereas the comparison group received routine care. Generalized estimating equations (GEEs) were used to examine group-by-time interaction effects while controlling for baseline gender. Results: Significant group-by-time interaction effects were observed across all outcome measures (all p < 0.001). Compared with the comparison group, the experimental group showed greater reductions in NPI-Q symptom frequency (β = −0.775), symptom severity (β = −2.575), and caregiver distress (β = −4.800). In addition, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in pain (β = −2.625), insomnia severity (β = −4.425), psychological well-being (β = 7.675), and life satisfaction (β = 6.913). Baseline gender differences did not significantly affect intervention outcomes. Conclusions: The AR-integrated aromatherapy intervention appears to be an effective non-pharmacological approach for reducing BPSD and improving physical and psychosocial well-being among older adults with early-stage dementia. This technology-enhanced intervention may offer a promising care model for dementia management in geriatric care settings.