Industrial applications of borneol from Cinnamomum camphora and Blumea balsamifera: Cultivation, chiral quality control, green extraction, and high-value non-food applications

• An integrated source-to-application framework is proposed for optically defined borneol. • C. camphora and B. balsamifera are positioned as complementary sources of (+)- and (−)-borneol. • Chiral quality control, traceability, and green purification are integrated into a value-chain strategy. • High-purity borneol is highlighted as a functional molecule for pharmaceutical, material, and agricultural applications. • Future industrial upgrading depends on chemotype-guided cultivation, low-carbon processing, and standardisation.