AI Model for Textile Materials Identification Using Hyperspectral Data

Efficient textile recycling depends on accurate identification of fibre types and compositions to support high-value material recovery and automated sorting. Existing commercial systems based on near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy offer robust performance, but their model architectures and development methods are proprietary, and they often struggle to detect materials when carbon-black (graphite-based) dyes suppress the spectral signatures. This paper presents a hyperspectral imaging approach for textile fibre identification, combined with an artificial intelligence model capable of detecting cotton, polyester, elastane, and regions affected by carbon-black dye. Sixty-five textile samples were laboratory-verified to determine constituent materials and compositions, with 52 used in model development and testing. A semi-automatic algorithm detected textile boundaries and sampled 100 spectral patches per image. For materials exhibiting two distinct spectral signatures, typically due to carbon-black dye regions, 100 samples were collected for each signature, producing a database of 6500 spectra. A convolutional neural network model was trained using these signatures to predict fibre composition and identify any regions with carbon-black dye. The system achieved mean absolute errors below 2.1% for cotton, polyester, and elastane. A spatial clustering step groups pixels with similar spectra prior to detection, enabling region-wise material identification and allowing the model to classify clusters likely affected by carbon-black dye. This approach demonstrates high precision in fibre identification and reliable detection of carbon-black regions, highlighting its suitability for real-world textile analysis workflows.