Differential Effects of Human–Environment Interactions on Multidimensional Common Prosperity: A Case Study of Guangdong Province

Common prosperity is an important feature of Chinese modernization, and human–environment interaction is the underlying geographical foundation of regional development. So, the level of coupling coordination of human–environment interaction directly affects the advancement process and regional balance of multidimensional common prosperity. This study took Guangdong Province as the study area, selected long-term municipal panel data, LandScan data, and construction land data from 2010 to 2025, and used the coupling coordination model, random forest, and other methods to systematically carry out an empirical study on the relationship between human–environment interaction and multidimensional common prosperity. The results showed that the coupling coordination degree of human–environment interaction and the level of multidimensional common prosperity in Guangdong Province both showed an overall upward trend, and both exhibited the spatial characteristics of core polarization and peripheral lag. At the same time, the effect of the coupling coordination of human–environment interaction on common prosperity showed significant dimensional heterogeneity. Specifically, the coupling coordination of human–environment interaction could stably promote prosperity development, but it showed a threshold effect of first promoting and then inhibiting in the dimension of shared equity, while its driving effect on the dimension of ecological sustainability was relatively weak. This study not only enriched the relevant explanation of the driving mechanism of common prosperity from a geographical perspective but also provided scientific decision reference for optimizing the allocation of human–environment elements, promoting coordinated regional development, and realizing sustainable development practices in which prosperity and equity improved at the same time.