Exploring the Amino Acids Behavior in Ionic Liquids: Thermophysical and Biophysical Approach

The engagement of ionic liquids (ILs) with amino acids (AAs) or peptides establishes a substantial new paradigm for comprehending biomolecular interactions, which is undoubtedly advantageous for the pharmaceutical sector. The comprehension of thermophysical and thermodynamic properties is imperative for elucidating the bimolecular interactions between ILs and AAs. Nevertheless, to this point, no dependable review has been produced to understand the nature of interactions between ILs and AAs. Consequently, this review integrates the results obtained from the analyses regarding the solubility of AAs in ILs and the transfer free energy (ΔG′tr) of AAs from water to aqueous ILs. Furthermore, partial molar volume transfer (ΔtrVΦ0), apparent molar isentropic compressibility transfer (ΔtrKϕ,Sο), and related properties of AAs in ILs have been summarized to understand the biomolecular interactions between solute–solute, solute–solvent, and the alterations in the solute structures within the solution, which are essential for both chemical industries and an academic point of view.