Design and Fabrication of Insulating Composite Fire-Resistant Glass

With the acceleration of urbanization and the rapid development of high-rise buildings, building fire safety has become an increasingly prominent concern. Traditional fire-resistant materials are no longer sufficient to meet the multifaceted requirements of modern architecture in terms of safety, energy efficiency, and aesthetics. This study innovatively develops an insulating composite fire-resistant glass. Through the design and optimization of the fire-resistant liquid type and the multi-layer composite structure, a synergistic enhancement in fire resistance performance, thermal insulation efficiency, and optical properties is achieved. Experimental results demonstrate that the insulating composite fire-resistant glass exhibits transparency comparable to that of commercial clear glass. More importantly, under standard fire resistance tests, it achieves a fire resistance rating exceeding 2 h, with a temperature rise on the non-fire side ≤ 100 °C. Furthermore, a series of composite fire-resistant glasses with varying fire protection grades can be fabricated as required. Its superior fire resistance is attributed to the unique tightly bonded porous interface structure, which effectively impedes heat conduction, thermal radiation, and heat convection. The design strategy and fabrication methodology presented in this study offer a novel technical pathway for advancing the building industry toward green development, demonstrating broad market application prospects and significant social benefits.