Termination Reconsidered: Continuity, Futurity, and the Work of Ending

The analytic relationship implicitly concerns the patient's postanalytic life-their future. Yet the forward-reaching dimension of termination-how experience is carried beyond treatment-remains insufficiently theorized. This paper clarifies the prospective dimension of termination and reframes it not as a final destination but as an inflection within an ongoing analytic process through which the patient's capacity for futurity is gradually facilitated-an ending that gives rise to a distinct form of continuation. In doing so, it situates this perspective within a line of psychoanalytic thought that understands analytic change as the internalization of relational experience and a movement of becoming, and proposes that termination brings loss and continuity into a new relation. The paper shows how this perspective resonates with contemporary psychoanalytic conceptions of analytic process as developmental rather than merely knowing; with developmental research on internalization and relational experience; with empirical findings that psychodynamic change often continues after termination; and, more tentatively, with neuroscientific accounts of anticipation, implicit learning, and plasticity. Drawing on a clinical case, I illustrate how transformative internalization, reflective continuity, and futurity-capacities emerging through internalized analytic experience-can be recognized and supported in the analytic relationship, allowing analytic experience to persist as a living internal resource beyond treatment.

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Publication Details

Journal
Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
Published
2026-05-27
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1177/00030651261439085
Primary Topic
Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Type
article
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article

Termination Reconsidered: Continuity, Futurity, and the Work of Ending

Kenneth A. Frank
Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
article

Termination Reconsidered: Continuity, Futurity, and the Work of Ending

Kenneth A. Frank
article en

Abstract

The analytic relationship implicitly concerns the patient's postanalytic life-their future. Yet the forward-reaching dimension of termination-how experience is carried beyond treatment-remains insufficiently theorized. This paper clarifies the prospective dimension of termination and reframes it not as a final destination but as an inflection within an ongoing analytic process through which the patient's capacity for futurity is gradually facilitated-an ending that gives rise to a distinct form of continuation. In doing so, it situates this perspective within a line of psychoanalytic thought that understands analytic change as the internalization of relational experience and a movement of becoming, and proposes that termination brings loss and continuity into a new relation. The paper shows how this perspective resonates with contemporary psychoanalytic conceptions of analytic process as developmental rather than merely knowing; with developmental research on internalization and relational experience; with empirical findings that psychodynamic change often continues after termination; and, more tentatively, with neuroscientific accounts of anticipation, implicit learning, and plasticity. Drawing on a clinical case, I illustrate how transformative internalization, reflective continuity, and futurity-capacities emerging through internalized analytic experience-can be recognized and supported in the analytic relationship, allowing analytic experience to persist as a living internal resource beyond treatment.

Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association
Openalex Percentile: Top 5%
Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
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