The effect of open to air frequency on diaper dermatitis recovery and maternal self-efficacy in infants aged 0–3 months: a randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Diaper dermatitis is a common condition affecting infants aged 0-3 months, often leading to physical discomfort and psychological distress for parents. Traditional management focuses on skin protection, yet the impact of open to air on recovery is under-researched. This study aims to evaluate the effects of different open to air frequencies on diaper dermatitis recovery and maternal self-efficacy. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 130 infants diagnosed with mild diaper dermatitis. Participants were assigned to two groups: Group A received 5 min of diaper-free air exposure 6 times a day, while Group B received the same duration 12 times a day. Data were collected using the Uncomplicated Diaper Dermatitis Severity Rating Scale (UDDSRSI) and the Perceived Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale (PMSS) at baseline and upon resolution of dermatitis. RESULTS: The recovery duration was significantly shorter in Group B (1.98 ± 1.22 days) compared to Group A (3.23 ± 1.01 days; p = 0.002). Maternal self-efficacy scores increased significantly in both groups, with Group B showing a greater improvement (Group A: 61.51 ± 8.61 to 66.81 ± 8.74; Group B: 65.00 ± 6.92 to 75.21 ± 3.93; p < 0.001). Regression analysis indicated that the intervention in Group B significantly enhanced maternal self-efficacy (β = 8.40, t = 8.801, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that increased open to air frequency effectively shortens diaper dermatitis recovery time and enhances maternal self-efficacy. These findings suggest that simple, cost-effective interventions can significantly benefit both infant dermatological health and maternal psychological well-being, offering valuable insights for pediatric care practices. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT07268352, registered on November 25, 2025. This trial is retrospectively registered.