Children born into families affected by HIV

As antiretroviral therapy for pregnant and breastfeeding HIV-infected women dramatically increases with implementation of the new antiretroviral therapy guidelines, there are concerns about the effect of exposure of the foetus and infant to multiple antiretroviral drugs, though there is limited long-term follow-up data, particularly in resource-limited settings. Ngoma et al. present data from a cohort study in Lusaka, Zambia, showing no evidence of adverse effects on neurocognitive and language evaluation among HIV-exposed uninfected infants subject to maternal antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy compared to control children born to HI uninfected mothers.