Enhancing collagen functionality through chemical, physical, and enzymatic modification strategies: review

Collagen, a vital component of connective tissues, has garnered significant attention in the fields of tissue engineering and biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility and structural properties. However, native collagen’s inherent limitations, such as rapid degradation and limited mechanical strength, necessitate modification to optimize its functionality. This review examines the latest techniques for collagen modification, including physical, chemical, and biological approaches. Chemical crosslinking method, such as the use of glutaraldehyde and carbodiimides, are explored for their ability to enhance collagen’s mechanical stability and resistance to enzymatic degradation. Enzymatic modifications, including treatments with transglutaminase and lysil oxidase, are evaluated for their role in mimicking natural crosslinking process. These advanced modifications techniques have shown promise in creating tailored collagen-based materials.