Innovation capacity-building and inclusive development in informal settings: a comparative analysis of two interactive learning spaces in South Africa and Malawi

The extent to which innovation can contribute to improving the livelihoods of marginalised communities in informal settings is greatly influenced by the social 'spaces' created for interactive learning and problem-solving, i.e. interactive learning spaces. This paper addresses an important issue: How do different models of inclusion influence the outcomes of innovation capacity-building interventions? With the use of a network-institutional approach, the paper analyses and compares two projects - in South Africa and Malawi - aimed at improving the livelihoods of small-scale farmers through introducing new farming practices and organisational arrangements. The research raises important questions for assessing the impact of innovation for inclusive development.