Book review: Duncan, J. 2018. Stopping the spies: constructing and resisting the surveillance state in South Africa. Johannesburg: Wits University Press. ISBN 9781776142156

In 2013, former National Security Agency (NSA) contractor Edward Snowden leaked secret documents revealing that state agencies like the NSA had spied on the communications of millions of innocent citizens. International outrage resulted, but the Snowden documents revealed only the tip of the surveillance iceberg. Apart from insisting on their rights to tap into communications, more and more states are placing citizens under surveillance, tracking their movements and transactions with public and private institutions.