Empowering vision: The role of women entrepreneurs in achieving Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030

This paper examines the role of women entrepreneurs in advancing Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 economic diversification goals. While significant reforms have promoted gender equality, structural barriers continue to limit full participation. Framed by institutional theory and utilizing a mixed-methods approach that integrates quantitative World Bank survey data with qualitative insights from policy and literature analysis, this study explores the current status, challenges, and opportunities faced by women entrepreneurs. Results show women own 4.9% of Saudi firms, while 2.8% of female-led businesses engage in R&D and 16.3% maintain an active online presence. By highlighting the persistent gap between policy goals and practical outcomes, the findings emphasize the need for an even more inclusive entrepreneurial environment. The paper concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen institutional support, as women entrepreneurs are expected to remain important contributors to the Kingdom's economic and social objectives.