Benchmarking Nanoscale Noncovalent Complexes at the Two-Hundred-Atom Scale with Converged Local CCSD(T)

We present vL27, a benchmark data set of 27 large noncovalent complexes with sizes up to 205 atoms, designed to probe nanoscale interaction effects. Reference binding energies were computed using local coupled cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple [CCSD(T)] extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit with VeryTightPNO thresholds and complete pair natural orbital space (CPS) extrapolation to minimize errors arising from local approximations. The MP2/CBS scheme was validated against MP2-F12, and the local CCSD(T)/CPS protocol was benchmarked against canonical CCSD(T), confirming the robustness of both CBS and CPS extrapolation strategies for nanoscale systems. Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) analysis reveals that most complexes are dispersion-dominated or exhibit mixed interaction character, even for hydrogen-bonded systems lacking π-π stacking, underscoring the central role of dispersion and many-body effects in stabilizing large assemblies. Using these benchmark data, we evaluate a broad range of electronic structure methods, semiempirical approaches, and machine learning potentials. MP2+D3-ML, B97M-D4, ωB97M-D4, and HF-3c offer the best balance of accuracy and transferability, consistently reproducing both absolute interaction energies and relative binding trends. The vL27 data set thus provides a rigorous and chemically realistic foundation for evaluating and guiding the development of computationally efficient methods for nanoscale noncovalent systems.