METHODOLOGY FOR TEACHING LIGHT DISPERSION AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS IN GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS: A PEDAGOGICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH

This article explores a pedagogical methodology for teaching light dispersion and spectral analysis in the context of Uzbekistan's general secondary education system. The study addresses the cognitive difficulties students face when learning abstract physical phenomena, such as the wave nature of light, refractive index variation, and spectral fingerprints of chemical elements. A mixed-method research design was implemented, including theoretical analysis of the curriculum, development of interactive and problem-based learning materials, and experimental testing of the proposed methodology. The results show a 40% increase in conceptual understanding among students who were taught using the proposed method (featuring visual aids, animations, SWOT analysis, and practical spectral observations) compared to those taught through traditional lecture-based instruction. The article provides a detailed lesson plan, a diagnostic framework for assessing learning outcomes, and a SWOT analysis table as a didactic tool. The proposed methodology enhances students’ scientific reasoning, interdisciplinary thinking, and ability to link theoretical physics with real-world applications (e.g., rainbows, stellar composition, chemical analysis). This study contributes to the modernization of physics education in Uzbekistan and aligns with state education standards focused on competency development.