COCM as a Bounded Effective Sector: Predictive Structure, Observational Underdetermination, and the Epistemic Meaning of Confirmation and Non-Confirmation

This paper examines the Concentric Orbital Cosmological Model (COCM) as a bounded effective-sector extension of ΛCDM in the low- and intermediate-redshift H(z) domain. The aim is not to present a new fit, but to clarify the model’s empirical content, domain of validity, and falsifiable structure under two possible observational outcomes: confirmation or absence of the predicted oscillatory modulation at ω_z = 11.1991.The paper distinguishes three epistemic levels — mathematical consistency, empirical contrast, and microscopic interpretation — and shows why a null result at DESI DR3 would remove the empirical reason to prefer COCM over ΛCDM in the tested sector, without logically falsifying the formal structure of the model. COCM is not proposed as a universal replacement for ΛCDM, but as a sector-limited programme with a declared domain of validity. This record does not supersede the Monograph v3.0 (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20253988).Related: Complete Monograph v3.0: 10.5281/zenodo.20253988 | Corpus: P1–P8, NT1–NT3, Bridge 3.